Because Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a spectrum disorder that falls under the larger category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders, there is no easy definition of it. A complex neurobiological disorder, autism manifests itself as an impairment of social and communicative functioning. Autism usually appears within the first 3 years of life and affects normal brain function.
For parents, perhaps more important than a precise definition of autism is an understanding of how this disorder is manifested in those affected by it and how it is diagnosed and treated. The Autism Society of America reports that “Both children and adults with autism typically show difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions, and leisure or play activities.” Those affected by autism may have unusual learning styles or display unusual reactions to sensations.
There is no medical test to rule out ASD. Instead, observation of a child’s behavior typically leads to an autism diagnosis. Parents and caregivers are often the first to assess a child as “different” or to notice when a child seems to have lost skills he or she had previously mastered. Parents’ assessment of these differences is often correct, and their following up with their child’s healthcare provider is usually the first step in obtaining an autism diagnosis. Autism can often be diagnosed as early as eighteen months of age. While both sexes can be affected, boys are four times as likely as girls to be affected by autism.
The cause of autism is unknown: it can be the result of improper brain function, the environment, or even heredity. It is known, however, that it is not brought on or prevented by any particular parenting style. Studies have shown that autism likely develops as the result of changes in brain development during pregnancy.
Obviously, no two children are alike in general, so no two children will present the same symptoms of autism. The characteristics will depend largely on the level of the severity of the disorder. Regardless of the severity of the symptoms, autism is characterized by the same three core areas: social interaction, communication and behavior/interest patterns.
Autism is not rare, and the number of children diagnosed with autism has increased over the past decade. Autism is a lifelong disability. While there is no cure, there are treatments and interventions that can greatly improve a child’s symptoms. With treatment, some affected with the disorder may find that their condition improves but problems with social interaction and communication will remain.
Just as no two children can share the same symptoms of this disorder, there should be no “one” definition that describes it. It is a disorder with many different components that need to be considered before deciding on a form of treatment or intervention. Early diagnosis, followed by early intervention, gives those affected by ASDs the best opportunity to receive treatment that will improve their symptoms.
References and Additional Resources:
Visit the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development website here. Also read Autism Speaks’What is Autism?